Overview, Logistics and Experience.
According to the creator’s website (Supercell), Clash of Clans is ‘An Epic Combat Strategy Game.’ It requires careful thinking, planning and managing of resources to be successful. Players must work hard to plan and build a village from scratch, set up the necessary defences to fend off enemy attacks and create a powerful army. Players enter into alliances with other players and form ‘clans.’ Players attack other player’s villages and earn rewards such as gold, elixir and trophies used to advance their position in the game.
I have played this game for over 2 years. I have never spent anything in the game. Though the game is entertaining, its also very addictive. I reached the peak and realised what I was missing in life while playing the game for hours everyday and finally left the game for the sake of my life.
The clan.
Our clan we have a leader and the way we communicate is that if I send a messages to the clan, the members of the clan will see the messages that I sent to them. Communication is locally or globally. Everyone in the clan will have access to communicate with everyone anytime when we build our security, make strategies and during war clans whether locally or globally so the communication is effective.
The communication used in the game.
In our clan we have a leader and the way we communicate is that if I send a messages to the clan, the members of the clan will see the messages that I sent to them and we can communicate locally or globally. Everyone in the clan will have access to communicate with everyone anytime when we build our security, make strategies and during war clans whether locally or globally so the communication is effective.
How the game would educate the younger generation on digital citizenship.
The game can educate younger generation to access the digital world, there will have "full electronic participation in society" It will give them basic skill to access technology and it will improve their communication skills because on the game communication is used so that the goals of the game are archived as planned.(digitalcitizenship.net)
The game can decrease the digital divide among society because if the younger generation grow up having the knowledge, skills and infrastructure to access the digital world a digital dive among society may be reduced.(IIE module manual)
The young stars will learn on how to be responsible when using the internet and we can avoid things such as cyber bullying and taking other people intellectual property without acknowledgement, it will promote a good responsibility on the generation itself so that they be accountable when exploring and surfing the internet.(globaldigitalcitizen.org)
The Independent institute of Education.2015.Digital citizenship module manual 2015. First edition. unpublished
Global digital citizen foundation.Digital citizenship school program.2015.[online].Available at: http://globaldigitalcitizen.org/digital-citizenship-school-program [Accessed 20 June 2015]
Digital citizenship.Using technology appropriately.2015.[online].Available at: http://www.digitalcitizenship.net/Nine_Elements.html Accessed 20 June 2015]
Wednesday, 24 June 2015
Digital Rights and Responsibilities
Acceptable Use Policy
Acceptable Use Policy guideline
Rights and responsibilities
The school provides work related tools for every student to be able to study comfortably , including access to the Library, to certain computer systems, servers, software and databases, to the campus telephone and voice mail systems, and to the Internet. your right to access information and to express your opinion to be protected as it is for paper and other forms of non-electronic communication.
You are responsible for knowing the regulations and policies of the institution applying to appropriate use of the institutions technologies and resources and to also exercise good judgment in the use of the institutions technological and information resources.
Brown, 2015. Acceptable Use Policy. [Online]. Available at: https://it.brown.edu/computing-policies/acceptable-use-policy#30 [Accessed 22 June 2015]
Acceptable Use Policy guideline
- Individuals may not use another individual's account, or attempt to capture or guess other users' passwords.
- Individuals must not attempt to access restricted portions of the network, an operating system, security software or other administrative applications without appropriate authorization by the system owner or administrator.
- Individuals may use only the computers, computer accounts, and computer files for which you have authorization.
- You must comply with the policies and guidelines for any specific set of resources to which you have been granted access. When other policies are more restrictive than this policy, the more restrictive policy takes precedence.
- Individuals are individually responsible for appropriate use of all resources assigned to them, including the computer, the network address or port, software and hardware. Therefore, one is accountable to the University for all use of such resources.
(Brown, 2015).
Rights and responsibilities
The school provides work related tools for every student to be able to study comfortably , including access to the Library, to certain computer systems, servers, software and databases, to the campus telephone and voice mail systems, and to the Internet. your right to access information and to express your opinion to be protected as it is for paper and other forms of non-electronic communication.
You are responsible for knowing the regulations and policies of the institution applying to appropriate use of the institutions technologies and resources and to also exercise good judgment in the use of the institutions technological and information resources.
Brown, 2015. Acceptable Use Policy. [Online]. Available at: https://it.brown.edu/computing-policies/acceptable-use-policy#30 [Accessed 22 June 2015]
Digital Security
Summary on Cyber-Crime
Cybercrime is a term for any illegal activity that uses a computer as its primary means of commission.
Types of cyber-crime
1. THEFT OF TELECOMMUNICATIONS SERVICES
The "phone phreakers" of three decades ago set a precedent for what has become a major criminal industry. By gaining access to an organisation's telephone switchboard (PBX) individuals or criminal organisations can obtain access to dial-in/dial-out circuits and then make their own calls or sell call time to third parties (Gold 1999). Offenders may gain access to the switchboard by impersonating a technician, by fraudulently obtaining an employee's access code, or by using software available on the internet. Some sophisticated offenders loop between PBX systems to evade detection. Additional forms of service theft include capturing "calling card" details and on-selling calls charged to the calling card account, and counterfeiting or illicit reprogramming of stored value telephone cards.
It has been suggested that as long ago as 1990, security failures at one major telecommunications carrier cost approximately £290 million, and that more recently, up to 5% of total industry turnover has been lost to fraud (Schieck 1995: 2-5; Newman 1998). Costs to individual subscribers can also be significant In one case, computer hackers in the United States illegally obtained access to Scotland Yard's telephone network and made £620,000 worth of international calls for which Scotland Yard was responsible (Tendler and Nuttall 1996).
2. COMMUNICATIONS IN FURTHERANCE OF CRIMINAL CONSPIRACIES
Just as legitimate organisations in the private and public sectors rely upon information systems for communications and record keeping, so too are the activities of criminal organisations enhanced by technology.
There is evidence of telecommunications equipment being used to facilitate organised drug trafficking, gambling, prostitution, money laundering, child pornography and trade in weapons (in those jurisdictions where such activities are illegal). The use of encryption technology may place criminal communications beyond the reach of law enforcement.
The use of computer networks to produce and distribute child pornography has become the subject of increasing attention. Today, these materials can be imported across national borders at the speed of light (Grant, David and Grabosky 1997). The more overt manifestations of internet child pornography entail a modest degree of organisation, as required by the infrastructure of IRC and WWW, but the activity appears largely confined to individuals.
By contrast, some of the less publicly visible traffic in child pornography activity appears to entail a greater degree of organisation. Although knowledge is confined to that conduct which has been the target of successful police investigation, there appear to have been a number of networks which extend cross-nationally, use sophisticated technologies of concealment, and entail a significant degree of coordination.
Illustrative of such activity was the Wonderland Club, an international network with members in at least 14 nations ranging from Europe, to North America, to Australia. Access to the group was password protected, and content was encrypted. Police investigation of the activity, codenamed "Operation Cathedral" resulted in approximately 100 arrests around the world, and the seizure of over 100,000 images in September, 1998.
3. TELECOMMUNICATIONS PIRACY
Digital technology permits perfect reproduction and easy dissemination of print, graphics, sound, and multimedia combinations. The temptation to reproduce copyrighted material for personal use, for sale at a lower price, or indeed, for free distribution, has proven irresistable to many.
This has caused considerable concern to owners of copyrighted material. Each year, it has been estimated that losses of between US$15 and US$17 billion are sustained by industry by reason of copyright infringement (United States, Information Infrastructure Task Force 1995, 131).
The Software Publishers Association has estimated that $7.4 billion worth of software was lost to piracy in 1993 with $2 billion of that being stolen from the Internet (Meyer and Underwood 1994).
Ryan (1998) puts the cost of foreign piracy to American industry at more than $10 billion in 1996, including $1.8 billion in the film industry, $1.2 billion in music, $3.8 billion in business application software, and $690 million in book publishing.
According to the Straits Times (8/11/99) A copy of the most recent James Bond Film The World is Not Enough, was available free on the internet before its official release.
When creators of a work, in whatever medium, are unable to profit from their creations, there can be a chilling effect on creative effort generally, in addition to financial loss.
4. DISSEMINATION OF OFFENSIVE MATERIALS
Content considered by some to be objectionable exists in abundance in cyberspace. This includes, among much else, sexually explicit materials, racist propaganda, and instructions for the fabrication of incendiary and explosive devices. Telecommunications systems can also be used for harassing, threatening or intrusive communications, from the traditional obscene telephone call to its contemporary manifestation in "cyber-stalking", in which persistent messages are sent to an unwilling recipient.
One man allegedly stole nude photographs of his former girlfriend and her new boyfriend and posted them on the Internet, along with her name, address and telephone number. The unfortunate couple, residents of Kenosha, Wisconsin, received phone calls and e-mails from strangers as far away as Denmark who said they had seen the photos on the Internet. Investigations also revealed that the suspect was maintaining records about the woman's movements and compiling information about her family (Spice and Sink 1999).
In another case a rejected suitor posted invitations on the Internet under the name of a 28-year-old woman, the would-be object of his affections, that said that she had fantasies of rape and gang rape. He then communicated via email with men who replied to the solicitations and gave out personal information about the woman, including her address, phone number, details of her physical appearance and how to bypass her home security system. Strange men turned up at her home on six different occasions and she received many obscene phone calls. While the woman was not physically assaulted, she would not answer the phone, was afraid to leave her home, and lost her job (Miller 1999; Miller and Maharaj 1999).
One former university student in California used email to harass 5 female students in 1998. He bought information on the Internet about the women using a professor's credit card and then sent 100 messages including death threats, graphic sexual descriptions and references to their daily activities. He apparently made the threats in response to perceived teasing about his appearance (Associated Press 1999a).
Computer networks may also be used in furtherance of extortion. The Sunday Times (London) reported in 1996 that over 40 financial institutions in Britain and the United States had been attacked electronically over the previous three years. In England, financial institutions were reported to have paid significant amounts to sophisticated computer criminals who threatened to wipe out computer systems. (The Sunday Times, June 2, 1996). The article cited four incidents between 1993 and 1995 in which a total of 42.5 million Pounds Sterling were paid by senior executives of the organisations concerned, who were convinced of the extortionists' capacity to crash their computer systems (Denning 1999 233-4).
5. ELECTRONIC MONEY LAUNDERING AND TAX EVASION
For some time now, electronic funds transfers have assisted in concealing and in moving the proceeds of crime. Emerging technologies will greatly assist in concealing the origin of ill-gotten gains. Legitimately derived income may also be more easily concealed from taxation authorities. Large financial institutions will no longer be the only ones with the ability to achieve electronic funds transfers transiting numerous jurisdictions at the speed of light. The development of informal banking institutions and parallel banking systems may permit central bank supervision to be bypassed, but can also facilitate the evasion of cash transaction reporting requirements in those nations which have them. Traditional underground banks, which have flourished in Asian countries for centuries, will enjoy even greater capacity through the use of telecommunications.
With the emergence and proliferation of various technologies of electronic commerce, one can easily envisage how traditional countermeasures against money laundering and tax evasion may soon be of limited value. I may soon be able to sell you a quantity of heroin, in return for an untraceable transfer of stored value to my "smart-card", which I then download anonymously to my account in a financial institution situated in an overseas jurisdiction which protects the privacy of banking clients. I can discreetly draw upon these funds as and when I may require, downloading them back to my stored value card (Wahlert 1996).
6. ELECTRONIC VANDALISM, TERRORISM AND EXTORTION
As never before, western industrial society is dependent upon complex data processing and telecommunications systems. Damage to, or interference with, any of these systems can lead to catastrophic consequences. Whether motivated by curiosity or vindictiveness electronic intruders cause inconvenience at best, and have the potential for inflicting massive harm (Hundley and Anderson 1995, Schwartau 1994).
While this potential has yet to be realised, a number of individuals and protest groups have hacked the official web pages of various governmental and commercial organisations (Rathmell 1997). http://www.2600.com/hacked_pages/ (visited 4 January 2000). This may also operate in reverse: early in 1999 an organised hacking incident was apparently directed at a server which hosted the Internet domain for East Timor, which at the time was seeking its independence from Indonesia (Creed 1999).
Defence planners around the world are investing substantially in information warfare-- means of disrupting the information technology infrastructure of defence systems (Stix 1995). Attempts were made to disrupt the computer systems of the Sri Lankan Government (Associated Press 1998), and of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization during the 1999 bombing of Belgrade (BBC 1999). One case, which illustrates the transnational reach of extortionists, involved a number of German hackers who compromised the system of an Internet service provider in South Florida, disabling eight of the ISPs ten servers. The offenders obtained personal information and credit card details of 10,000 subscribers, and, communicating via electronic mail through one of the compromised accounts, demanded that US$30,000 be delivered to a mail drop in Germany. Co-operation between US and German authorities resulted in the arrest of the extortionists (Bauer 1998).
More recently, an extortionist in Eastern Europe obtained the credit card details of customers of a North American based on-line music retailer, and published some on the Internet when the retailer refused to comply with his demands (Markoff 2000).
7. SALES AND INVESTMENT FRAUD
As electronic commerce becomes more prevalent, the application of digital technology to fraudulent endeavours will be that much greater. The use of the telephone for fraudulent sales pitches, deceptive charitable solicitations, or bogus investment overtures is increasingly common. Cyberspace now abounds with a wide variety of investment opportunities, from traditional securities such as stocks and bonds, to more exotic opportunities such as coconut farming, the sale and leaseback of automatic teller machines, and worldwide telephone lotteries (Cella and Stark 1997 837-844). Indeed, the digital age has been accompanied by unprecedented opportunities for misinformation. Fraudsters now enjoy direct access to millions of prospective victims around the world, instantaneously and at minimal cost.
Classic pyramid schemes and "Exciting, Low-Risk Investment Opportunities" are not uncommon. The technology of the World Wide Web is ideally suited to investment solicitations. In the words of two SEC staff "At very little cost, and from the privacy of a basement office or living room, the fraudster can produce a home page that looks better and more sophisticated than that of a Fortune 500 company" (Cella and Stark 1997, 822).
(Grabosky, P, Smith, R. 1998).
Grabosky, P, Smith, R. 1998. Crime in the Digital Age, Federation Press. Sydney. [Online]. Available at: http://www.crime.hku.hk/cybercrime.htm [Accessed 22 June 2015]
Prevention of cyber-crime
Cybercrime is a term for any illegal activity that uses a computer as its primary means of commission.
The "phone phreakers" of three decades ago set a precedent for what has become a major criminal industry. By gaining access to an organisation's telephone switchboard (PBX) individuals or criminal organisations can obtain access to dial-in/dial-out circuits and then make their own calls or sell call time to third parties (Gold 1999). Offenders may gain access to the switchboard by impersonating a technician, by fraudulently obtaining an employee's access code, or by using software available on the internet. Some sophisticated offenders loop between PBX systems to evade detection. Additional forms of service theft include capturing "calling card" details and on-selling calls charged to the calling card account, and counterfeiting or illicit reprogramming of stored value telephone cards.
It has been suggested that as long ago as 1990, security failures at one major telecommunications carrier cost approximately £290 million, and that more recently, up to 5% of total industry turnover has been lost to fraud (Schieck 1995: 2-5; Newman 1998). Costs to individual subscribers can also be significant In one case, computer hackers in the United States illegally obtained access to Scotland Yard's telephone network and made £620,000 worth of international calls for which Scotland Yard was responsible (Tendler and Nuttall 1996).
2. COMMUNICATIONS IN FURTHERANCE OF CRIMINAL CONSPIRACIES
Just as legitimate organisations in the private and public sectors rely upon information systems for communications and record keeping, so too are the activities of criminal organisations enhanced by technology.
There is evidence of telecommunications equipment being used to facilitate organised drug trafficking, gambling, prostitution, money laundering, child pornography and trade in weapons (in those jurisdictions where such activities are illegal). The use of encryption technology may place criminal communications beyond the reach of law enforcement.
The use of computer networks to produce and distribute child pornography has become the subject of increasing attention. Today, these materials can be imported across national borders at the speed of light (Grant, David and Grabosky 1997). The more overt manifestations of internet child pornography entail a modest degree of organisation, as required by the infrastructure of IRC and WWW, but the activity appears largely confined to individuals.
By contrast, some of the less publicly visible traffic in child pornography activity appears to entail a greater degree of organisation. Although knowledge is confined to that conduct which has been the target of successful police investigation, there appear to have been a number of networks which extend cross-nationally, use sophisticated technologies of concealment, and entail a significant degree of coordination.
Illustrative of such activity was the Wonderland Club, an international network with members in at least 14 nations ranging from Europe, to North America, to Australia. Access to the group was password protected, and content was encrypted. Police investigation of the activity, codenamed "Operation Cathedral" resulted in approximately 100 arrests around the world, and the seizure of over 100,000 images in September, 1998.
3. TELECOMMUNICATIONS PIRACY
Digital technology permits perfect reproduction and easy dissemination of print, graphics, sound, and multimedia combinations. The temptation to reproduce copyrighted material for personal use, for sale at a lower price, or indeed, for free distribution, has proven irresistable to many.
This has caused considerable concern to owners of copyrighted material. Each year, it has been estimated that losses of between US$15 and US$17 billion are sustained by industry by reason of copyright infringement (United States, Information Infrastructure Task Force 1995, 131).
The Software Publishers Association has estimated that $7.4 billion worth of software was lost to piracy in 1993 with $2 billion of that being stolen from the Internet (Meyer and Underwood 1994).
Ryan (1998) puts the cost of foreign piracy to American industry at more than $10 billion in 1996, including $1.8 billion in the film industry, $1.2 billion in music, $3.8 billion in business application software, and $690 million in book publishing.
According to the Straits Times (8/11/99) A copy of the most recent James Bond Film The World is Not Enough, was available free on the internet before its official release.
When creators of a work, in whatever medium, are unable to profit from their creations, there can be a chilling effect on creative effort generally, in addition to financial loss.
4. DISSEMINATION OF OFFENSIVE MATERIALS
Content considered by some to be objectionable exists in abundance in cyberspace. This includes, among much else, sexually explicit materials, racist propaganda, and instructions for the fabrication of incendiary and explosive devices. Telecommunications systems can also be used for harassing, threatening or intrusive communications, from the traditional obscene telephone call to its contemporary manifestation in "cyber-stalking", in which persistent messages are sent to an unwilling recipient.
One man allegedly stole nude photographs of his former girlfriend and her new boyfriend and posted them on the Internet, along with her name, address and telephone number. The unfortunate couple, residents of Kenosha, Wisconsin, received phone calls and e-mails from strangers as far away as Denmark who said they had seen the photos on the Internet. Investigations also revealed that the suspect was maintaining records about the woman's movements and compiling information about her family (Spice and Sink 1999).
In another case a rejected suitor posted invitations on the Internet under the name of a 28-year-old woman, the would-be object of his affections, that said that she had fantasies of rape and gang rape. He then communicated via email with men who replied to the solicitations and gave out personal information about the woman, including her address, phone number, details of her physical appearance and how to bypass her home security system. Strange men turned up at her home on six different occasions and she received many obscene phone calls. While the woman was not physically assaulted, she would not answer the phone, was afraid to leave her home, and lost her job (Miller 1999; Miller and Maharaj 1999).
One former university student in California used email to harass 5 female students in 1998. He bought information on the Internet about the women using a professor's credit card and then sent 100 messages including death threats, graphic sexual descriptions and references to their daily activities. He apparently made the threats in response to perceived teasing about his appearance (Associated Press 1999a).
Computer networks may also be used in furtherance of extortion. The Sunday Times (London) reported in 1996 that over 40 financial institutions in Britain and the United States had been attacked electronically over the previous three years. In England, financial institutions were reported to have paid significant amounts to sophisticated computer criminals who threatened to wipe out computer systems. (The Sunday Times, June 2, 1996). The article cited four incidents between 1993 and 1995 in which a total of 42.5 million Pounds Sterling were paid by senior executives of the organisations concerned, who were convinced of the extortionists' capacity to crash their computer systems (Denning 1999 233-4).
5. ELECTRONIC MONEY LAUNDERING AND TAX EVASION
For some time now, electronic funds transfers have assisted in concealing and in moving the proceeds of crime. Emerging technologies will greatly assist in concealing the origin of ill-gotten gains. Legitimately derived income may also be more easily concealed from taxation authorities. Large financial institutions will no longer be the only ones with the ability to achieve electronic funds transfers transiting numerous jurisdictions at the speed of light. The development of informal banking institutions and parallel banking systems may permit central bank supervision to be bypassed, but can also facilitate the evasion of cash transaction reporting requirements in those nations which have them. Traditional underground banks, which have flourished in Asian countries for centuries, will enjoy even greater capacity through the use of telecommunications.
With the emergence and proliferation of various technologies of electronic commerce, one can easily envisage how traditional countermeasures against money laundering and tax evasion may soon be of limited value. I may soon be able to sell you a quantity of heroin, in return for an untraceable transfer of stored value to my "smart-card", which I then download anonymously to my account in a financial institution situated in an overseas jurisdiction which protects the privacy of banking clients. I can discreetly draw upon these funds as and when I may require, downloading them back to my stored value card (Wahlert 1996).
6. ELECTRONIC VANDALISM, TERRORISM AND EXTORTION
As never before, western industrial society is dependent upon complex data processing and telecommunications systems. Damage to, or interference with, any of these systems can lead to catastrophic consequences. Whether motivated by curiosity or vindictiveness electronic intruders cause inconvenience at best, and have the potential for inflicting massive harm (Hundley and Anderson 1995, Schwartau 1994).
While this potential has yet to be realised, a number of individuals and protest groups have hacked the official web pages of various governmental and commercial organisations (Rathmell 1997). http://www.2600.com/hacked_pages/ (visited 4 January 2000). This may also operate in reverse: early in 1999 an organised hacking incident was apparently directed at a server which hosted the Internet domain for East Timor, which at the time was seeking its independence from Indonesia (Creed 1999).
Defence planners around the world are investing substantially in information warfare-- means of disrupting the information technology infrastructure of defence systems (Stix 1995). Attempts were made to disrupt the computer systems of the Sri Lankan Government (Associated Press 1998), and of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization during the 1999 bombing of Belgrade (BBC 1999). One case, which illustrates the transnational reach of extortionists, involved a number of German hackers who compromised the system of an Internet service provider in South Florida, disabling eight of the ISPs ten servers. The offenders obtained personal information and credit card details of 10,000 subscribers, and, communicating via electronic mail through one of the compromised accounts, demanded that US$30,000 be delivered to a mail drop in Germany. Co-operation between US and German authorities resulted in the arrest of the extortionists (Bauer 1998).
More recently, an extortionist in Eastern Europe obtained the credit card details of customers of a North American based on-line music retailer, and published some on the Internet when the retailer refused to comply with his demands (Markoff 2000).
7. SALES AND INVESTMENT FRAUD
As electronic commerce becomes more prevalent, the application of digital technology to fraudulent endeavours will be that much greater. The use of the telephone for fraudulent sales pitches, deceptive charitable solicitations, or bogus investment overtures is increasingly common. Cyberspace now abounds with a wide variety of investment opportunities, from traditional securities such as stocks and bonds, to more exotic opportunities such as coconut farming, the sale and leaseback of automatic teller machines, and worldwide telephone lotteries (Cella and Stark 1997 837-844). Indeed, the digital age has been accompanied by unprecedented opportunities for misinformation. Fraudsters now enjoy direct access to millions of prospective victims around the world, instantaneously and at minimal cost.
Classic pyramid schemes and "Exciting, Low-Risk Investment Opportunities" are not uncommon. The technology of the World Wide Web is ideally suited to investment solicitations. In the words of two SEC staff "At very little cost, and from the privacy of a basement office or living room, the fraudster can produce a home page that looks better and more sophisticated than that of a Fortune 500 company" (Cella and Stark 1997, 822).
(Grabosky, P, Smith, R. 1998).
Grabosky, P, Smith, R. 1998. Crime in the Digital Age, Federation Press. Sydney. [Online]. Available at: http://www.crime.hku.hk/cybercrime.htm [Accessed 22 June 2015]
Prevention of cyber-crime
- Use Strong PasswordsUse different user ID / password combinations for different accounts and avoid writing them down. Make the passwords more complicated by combining letters, numbers, special characters (minimum 10 characters in total) and change them on a regular basis (RCMP, n.d.).
- Secure your computer
- Activate your firewall
Firewalls are the first line of cyber defense; they block connections to unknown or bogus sites and will keep out some types of viruses and hackers. - Use anti-virus/malware software
Prevent viruses from infecting your computer by installing and regularly updating anti-virus software. - Block spyware attacks
Prevent spyware from infiltrating your computer by installing and updating anti-spyware software.
(RCMP, n.d.).
- Activate your firewall
- Be Social-Media SavvyMake sure your social networking profiles (e.g. Facebook, Twitter, Youtube, MSN, etc.) are set to private. Check your security settings. Be careful what information you post online. Once it is on the Internet, it is there forever! (RCMP, n.d.)
- Secure your Mobile Devices
Be aware that your mobile device is vulnerable to viruses and hackers. Download applications from trusted sources (RCMP, n.d.). - Install the latest operating system updates
Keep your applications and operating system (e.g. Windows, Mac, Linux) current with the latest system updates. Turn on automatic updates to prevent potential attacks on older software (RCMP, n.d.). - Protect your Data
Use encryption for your most sensitive files such as tax returns or financial records, make regular back-ups of all your important data, and store it in another location (RCMP, n.d.). - Secure your wireless network
Wi-Fi (wireless) networks at home are vulnerable to intrusion if they are not properly secured. Review and modify default settings. Public Wi-Fi, a.k.a. “Hot Spots”, are also vulnerable. Avoid conducting financial or corporate transactions on these networks (RCMP, n.d.). - Protect your e-identity
Be cautious when giving out personal information such as your name, address, phone number or financial information on the Internet. Make sure that websites are secure (e.g. when making online purchases) or that you’ve enabled privacy settings (e.g. when accessing/using social networking sites) (RCMP, n.d.). - Avoid being scammed
Always think before you click on a link or file of unknown origin. Don’t feel pressured by any emails. Check the source of the message. When in doubt, verify the source. Never reply to emails that ask you to verify your information or confirm your user ID or password (RCMP, n.d.).
- Call the right person for help
Don’t panic! If you are a victim, if you encounter illegal Internet content (e.g. child exploitation) or if you suspect a computer crime, identity theft or a commercial scam, report this to your local police. If you need help with maintenance or software installation on your computer, consult with your service provider or a certified computer technician (RCMP, n.d.).
RCMP, n.d. Top 10 Cyber Crime Prevention Tips. [Online]. Available at: http://www.rcmp-grc.gc.ca/tops-opst/tc-ct/cyber-tips-conseils-eng.htm [Accessed 22 June 2015]
Digital Health and Wellbeing
The Physical and Physchological Aspects.
If we had to put this section into categories we would split it into the physical issue and the psychological issues
Physical issues
These are issue that arise from an overuse of technology and the internet they are as follows:
These are issue that arise from an overuse of technology and the internet they are as follows:
- Ergonomics: this is the science of designing environments and products to match individuals who use the. Studies have shown that sitting for long periods can increase the chances of developing some serious diseases such as heart disease, diabetes, cancer and obesity.
- Repetitive strain injury (RSI): this is a physical syndrome that develops over time after an action has been done repeatedly and thus damages or forms a particular muscle group. Some forms of RSI include carpal tunnel syndrome, tennis elbow, trigger finger and tendinitis.
- Eye strain: this is known as the most annoying syndrome as it affects one key area the eye. Two of type’s eyestrain that you can is computer vision syndrome and digital eye strain.
- Obesity: this is a syndrome that is not only caused by what you eat but also by the lack of physical activity. Thus sitting behind a desk for long durations is bad.
Psychological issues
These are issues that are harder to pick up. They are often misdiagnosed and hardly ever understood and sometimes they could lead to physical issues. They are as follows:
Addiction: ever catch yourself checking your phone every 5 seconds? Yeah you have an acute addiction to your phone. Often it is not seen that way but most youngsters nowadays are constantly either on their phone or on the computer. This can sometimes even be as bad as an alcohol addiction depending on how badly the person relies on the phone or device.
Cyber bully: this is where someone uses the World Wide Web to bully someone. It is not only bad for the person being bullied but for the person doing the bullying too.
Cyber stalking: It is just as bad as bullying. This is where someone uses the World Wide Web to stalk someone and it often gets so bad that it becomes harassment.
- The independent Institution of Education, 2015. Digital Citizenship Module Manual.1st ed.
Online disinhibition effect: this one is all about behaviour online. This is where people often are braver online as they do not have to actually face the person. Thus their personality is often a lot different and sometimes disrespectful
The independent Institution of Education, 2015. Digital Citizenship Module Manual.1st ed.
Digital Commerce
History of ecommerce
History of ecommerce goes back to the invention of the very old notion of "sell and buy", electricity, cables, computers, modems, and the Internet. Ecommerce became possible in 1991 when the Internet was opened to commercial use. Since then thousands of businesses have taken up residence at web sites. At first the term ecommerce meant "the process of execution of commercial transactions electronically with the help of the leading technologies such as Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) and Electronic Funds Transfer (EFT) which gave an opportunity for users to exchange business information and do electronic transactions". The ability to use these technologies appeared in the late 1970s and allowed business companies and organizations to send commercial documentation electronically. it took approximately four years to develop the security protocols and according to all available data, ecommerce sales continued to grow in the next few years and, by the end of 2007, ecommerce sales accounted for 3.4 percent of total sales (Ecommerce, n.d.).
Importance of ecommerce
Ecommerce proved its importance based on the fact where time is essence. In the commercial markets, time plays an important role to both the business and consumers. From the business perspective, with less time spent during each transaction, more transaction can be achieved on the same day. As for the consumer, they will save up more time during their transaction. Because of this, Ecommerce steps in and replaced the traditional commerce method where a single transaction can cost both parties a lot of valuable time. With just a few clicks in minutes, a transaction or an order can be placed and completed via the internet with ease. For instance, a banking transaction can be completed through the Internet within a few minutes compared to the traditional banking method which may take up to hours. This fact obviously proves that Ecommerce is beneficial to both business and consumer wise as payment and documentations can be completed with greater efficiency (WebDesign, n.d.).
Plagiarism guideline
Plagiarism is due to when an individual does mot acknowledge that the work that they have written is not of their work. Can also be known as unauthorised collaboration of work. Work is not seen as plagiarism if the individual references with details of where the information comes from.
Techniques for avoiding plagiarism
Online auctions and tips
Online auctions are places that people can go and order to buy or sell goods or services online for a small fee. Anyone can sell an item and anyone can bid on an item.
Tips to online auctions is that:
History of ecommerce goes back to the invention of the very old notion of "sell and buy", electricity, cables, computers, modems, and the Internet. Ecommerce became possible in 1991 when the Internet was opened to commercial use. Since then thousands of businesses have taken up residence at web sites. At first the term ecommerce meant "the process of execution of commercial transactions electronically with the help of the leading technologies such as Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) and Electronic Funds Transfer (EFT) which gave an opportunity for users to exchange business information and do electronic transactions". The ability to use these technologies appeared in the late 1970s and allowed business companies and organizations to send commercial documentation electronically. it took approximately four years to develop the security protocols and according to all available data, ecommerce sales continued to grow in the next few years and, by the end of 2007, ecommerce sales accounted for 3.4 percent of total sales (Ecommerce, n.d.).
Importance of ecommerce
Ecommerce proved its importance based on the fact where time is essence. In the commercial markets, time plays an important role to both the business and consumers. From the business perspective, with less time spent during each transaction, more transaction can be achieved on the same day. As for the consumer, they will save up more time during their transaction. Because of this, Ecommerce steps in and replaced the traditional commerce method where a single transaction can cost both parties a lot of valuable time. With just a few clicks in minutes, a transaction or an order can be placed and completed via the internet with ease. For instance, a banking transaction can be completed through the Internet within a few minutes compared to the traditional banking method which may take up to hours. This fact obviously proves that Ecommerce is beneficial to both business and consumer wise as payment and documentations can be completed with greater efficiency (WebDesign, n.d.).
Plagiarism guideline
Plagiarism is due to when an individual does mot acknowledge that the work that they have written is not of their work. Can also be known as unauthorised collaboration of work. Work is not seen as plagiarism if the individual references with details of where the information comes from.
Techniques for avoiding plagiarism
- When you are researching, taking notes, and interviewing, record the relevant documentation information in your notes accurately and completely.
- Indicate in your notes which ideas are taken from sources and which are your own thoughts or insights.
- Be sure to keep this distinction clear in your paper.
- Put all words borrowed from sources inside quotation marks. In your notes, you might want to circle the quotation marks so you’ll be sure to include them in your paper.
- When paraphrasing or summarizing information from a source, use different words and sentence structures than the original text. Tip: Reread your source until you understand it.
- Write your paraphrase or summary without looking at the original text, using your own words and phrasing. Next, check your version with the original.
- Make corrections for clarity, accuracy, and mistakenly borrowed phrases.
- Keep the source’s name near quotations and paraphrases in your notes and in your paper.
- Mention the person’s name either at the beginning or the end of the passage.
- Document all quoted material, paraphrases and summaries of your sources. Full publication information should be included in your list of sources at the end of your paper.
- Document any facts that are disputed or not common knowledge.
- Document all opinions, conclusions, statistics, pictures, charts or graphs taken from your sources.
(Otc, n.d.).
Online auctions and tips
Online auctions are places that people can go and order to buy or sell goods or services online for a small fee. Anyone can sell an item and anyone can bid on an item.
Tips to online auctions is that:
- One should do research about the product they wish to purchase.
- One should have a limit of how much will be spent.
- Keep their eye on the dead line.
- Pay up quickly to avoid losing the product.
- Last but not least enjoy the experience.
(Ethics, n.d.)
Ethics, n.d. Online autctions and tips. [Online]. Available at: https://ethics.csc.ncsu.edu/commerce/auctions/study.php [Accesssed 22 June 2015]
WebDeisgn, n.d. What is ecommerce? [Online]. Available at: http://webdesign.vinsign.com/what-is-ecommerce-importance.html [Accessed 22 June 2015]
Ecommerce, n.d. History of Ecommerce. [Online]. Available at: http://www.ecommerce-land.com/history_ecommerce.html [Accessed 22 June 2015]
Otc, n.d. Plagiarism. [Online]. Available at: https://www.otc.edu/Documents_Academic_Integrity/Avoiding_plagiarism.pdf [Accessed 22 June 2015]
Reference List
Recommended Reading
Brown, 2015. Acceptable Use Policy. [Online]. Available at: https://it.brown.edu/computing-policies/acceptable-use-policy#30 [Accessed 22 June 2015]
Crockett, L, Jukes, I, Churches, A. 2011.eds. Literacy is NOT Enough: 21st Century Fluencies for the Digital Age. Corwin Press
Digital citizenship.Using technology appropriately.2015.[online].Available at: http://www.digitalcitizenship.net/Nine_Elements.html Accessed 20 June 2015]
Brown, 2015. Acceptable Use Policy. [Online]. Available at: https://it.brown.edu/computing-policies/acceptable-use-policy#30 [Accessed 22 June 2015]
Crockett, L, Jukes, I, Churches, A. 2011.eds. Literacy is NOT Enough: 21st Century Fluencies for the Digital Age. Corwin Press
Digital citizenship.Using technology appropriately.2015.[online].Available at: http://www.digitalcitizenship.net/Nine_Elements.html Accessed 20 June 2015]
Ethics, n.d. Online autctions and tips. [Online]. Available at: https://ethics.csc.ncsu.edu/commerce/auctions/study.php [Accesssed 22 June 2015]
Ecommerce, n.d. History of Ecommerce. [Online]. Available at: http://www.ecommerce-land.com/history_ecommerce.html [Accessed 22 June 2015]
EdTech Team, n.d. 6 Good Kids- Safe Sites For Educational Games. Educational Technology and Mobile Learning. [Online]. Available at: http://www.educatorstechnology.com/2013/08/6-good-kids-safe-sites-for-educational.html [Accessed 20 June 2015]
Financialdictionary.com. n.d. [Online]. Available at: http://www.investinganswers.com/financial-dictionary/businesses-corporations/knowledge-capital-6014 [Accessed 18 June 2015]
Global digital citizen foundation.Digital citizenship school program.2015.[online].Available at: http://globaldigitalcitizen.org/digital-citizenship-school-program [Accessed 20 June 2015]
Hartney, E. 2014. Ten Rules of Netiquette. About Health. May 16. [Online]. Available at: http://addictions.about.com/od/internetaddiction/tp/Ten-Rules-Of-Netiquette.htm [Accessed 22 June 2015]
Hcapital. N.d. Human Capital. [Online]. Available at: http://www.hcapital.co.za/ [Accessed on 04 June 2015]
Hks. n.d. About Social Capital. [online]. Available at: http://www.hks.harvard.edu/programs/saguaro/about-social-capital [Accessed 28 May 2015]
EdTech Team, n.d. 6 Good Kids- Safe Sites For Educational Games. Educational Technology and Mobile Learning. [Online]. Available at: http://www.educatorstechnology.com/2013/08/6-good-kids-safe-sites-for-educational.html [Accessed 20 June 2015]
Financialdictionary.com. n.d. [Online]. Available at: http://www.investinganswers.com/financial-dictionary/businesses-corporations/knowledge-capital-6014 [Accessed 18 June 2015]
Global digital citizen foundation.Digital citizenship school program.2015.[online].Available at: http://globaldigitalcitizen.org/digital-citizenship-school-program [Accessed 20 June 2015]
Hartney, E. 2014. Ten Rules of Netiquette. About Health. May 16. [Online]. Available at: http://addictions.about.com/od/internetaddiction/tp/Ten-Rules-Of-Netiquette.htm [Accessed 22 June 2015]
Hcapital. N.d. Human Capital. [Online]. Available at: http://www.hcapital.co.za/ [Accessed on 04 June 2015]
Hks. n.d. About Social Capital. [online]. Available at: http://www.hks.harvard.edu/programs/saguaro/about-social-capital [Accessed 28 May 2015]
Otc, n.d. Plagiarism. [Online]. Available at: https://www.otc.edu/Documents_Academic_Integrity/Avoiding_plagiarism.pdf [Accessed 22 June 2015]
RCMP, n.d. Top 10 Cyber Crime Prevention Tips. [Online]. Available at: http://www.rcmp-grc.gc.ca/tops-opst/tc-ct/cyber-tips-conseils-eng.htm [Accessed 22 June 2015]
Ribble, M. 2011. Nine themes of digital citizenship, Digital Citizenship. [Online]. Available at http://www.digitalcitizenship.net/Nine_Elements.html [Accessed on 11 June 2015].
The Independent institute of Education.2015.Digital citizenship module manual 2015. First edition. unpublished
WebDeisgn, n.d. What is ecommerce? [Online]. Available at: http://webdesign.vinsign.com/what-is-ecommerce-importance.html [Accessed 22 June 2015].
RCMP, n.d. Top 10 Cyber Crime Prevention Tips. [Online]. Available at: http://www.rcmp-grc.gc.ca/tops-opst/tc-ct/cyber-tips-conseils-eng.htm [Accessed 22 June 2015]
Ribble, M. 2011. Nine themes of digital citizenship, Digital Citizenship. [Online]. Available at http://www.digitalcitizenship.net/Nine_Elements.html [Accessed on 11 June 2015].
The Independent institute of Education.2015.Digital citizenship module manual 2015. First edition. unpublished
WebDeisgn, n.d. What is ecommerce? [Online]. Available at: http://webdesign.vinsign.com/what-is-ecommerce-importance.html [Accessed 22 June 2015].
Monday, 22 June 2015
Digital Etiquette
Code of Conduct.
1. Real People Take Priority
Nothing is more irritating than trying to have a conversation with someone who is more interested in their cell phone or computer. I don't care whether you work in tech support and you are multi-tasking -- if someone is in the room with you, stop what you are doing and look at them. And don't answer your cell phone unless it is to tell the person on the other end that you will call them right back. If you are expecting an important call or email, let the person with you know upfront, and apologize for taking the call (Hartney, 2014).
This is doubly true if the person you are with is your date, partner or child. Constantly checking your email, voicemail or Facebook while you are with them gives them the message that you don't care about them. And it is extremely annoying to be with someone who is having a conversation that you are not part of (Hartney, 2014).
This is also true of public places, such as restaurants, public transit, stores, elevators, and libraries. Speaking a foreign language does not excuse this behavior; in fact, it makes it worse (Hartney, 2014).
2. If You Wouldn't Say it to Someone's Face, Don't Say it Online
Name calling, cursing, expressing deliberately offensive opinions -- if you wouldn't do it to the face of anyone who might conceivably see what you write, don't write it. Perhaps you have no sympathy for drug addicts and think they should all be locked up or forced to starve. But my site is written primarily for them, so save me the trouble of deleting your message before stating this in offensive terms. The same goes for any forum, chat room, or email (Hartney, 2014).
And it's not just what you say, but how you say it. Either take the trouble to use the shift key for capital letters, or write in all lower case, but don't use caps lock. All caps are generally perceived as yelling. Please don't forget to say please and thank you as appropriate (Hartney, 2014).
3. If You Wouldn't Show it in Public, Don't Share it Online
Naked sext pictures, drunk pictures, drug-use pictures, unedited home video -- if you would have a problem with your boss, your parents, or your kids seeing it now, or at any point in the future, don't post it online. You need only look at what happened to Anthony to pay heed to this warning (Hartney, 2014).
The same goes for cellphone conversations in public places -- I don't want my 5-year-old learning his first curse words on the train, nor do I want him to hear about how wasted you were last night, or about your sexual exploits. Just because you can't see the person you are talking to doesn't mean the rest of us can't see -- or hear -- you (Hartney, 2014).
4. Don't Exclude Your Audience
If you have an in-joke to share with one other person, or a small number of people in a larger online group, send them a private message. Don't make everyone else feel left out by posting an obscure comment to your Facebook status, listser or forum. The same goes for laughing at texted or emailed jokes when you are in the presence of others. If you don't want to share the joke, save it for later (Hartney, 2014).
5. Don't "Friend" then "Unfriend" People
No one believes you have 1,000 friends, but it is still insulting to be dropped from someone's friend list. Think about it before adding them or accepting their invitation. If you don't want to be in touch with them, don't add them in the first place. If you want to stay in touch for professional reasons, tell them you only use Facebook for close personal friendships, and join Linkedln or another professional networking site for more distant contacts (Hartney, 2014).
The obvious exception to this is if you "friend" someone while you are getting along, and then you have a disagreement. Then, by all means, unfriend them if the relationship is beyond repair. But don't torture them with on-again off-again friending (Hartney, 2014).
6. Don't Overload System Resources With Enormous Files
You might think that sequence of nature pictures with inspirational statements is wonderfully moving. It might even give you a sense of serenity. But that is the last thing it will give the person you email it to if it crashes their server, depletes their inbox quota so their emails get bounced for a week before they realize, or uses up the last bit of space they needed to complete an important assignment. So post it to your own webspace and send people a link. Don't attach it to an email (Hartney, 2014).
And if you reply to a message, delete all but the most recent correspondence from the sender, otherwise the message gets really, really long. One of you will be upset if you have to print it out one day, and the whole conversation uses up 20 pages (Hartney, 2014).
7. Respect People's Privacy
Don't forward information sent to you without checking with the original sender first. Use BCC (blind carbon copy) rather than CC (carbon copy) if you are sending something out to more than one person. You might think that we are all friends online, but your friends may not want their names and or email addresses publicized to your acquaintances that they do not even know (Hartney, 2014).
The same goes for uploading photos or videos that include other people to public space, or sending them out to your own contacts. And remember, if you tag people on Facebook, others can access pictures of those people, unless they have adjusted their privacy settings (Hartney, 2014).
Finally, don't sign up for newsletters and such using someone else's email address. Or at least check with them whether they want to receive it first (Hartney, 2014).
8. Don't Report Without Checking the Facts
That cure for cancer might sound pretty impressive, but it will just cause upset if it is a hoax. And urban myths just add to the noise of the internet and waste people's time. If you aren't sure of the facts, email it to someone who does know or can find out, like your friendly About.com Guide on the topic. Or just do a Google search (Hartney, 2014).
Don't forget that many viruses are circulated via chain letters and invitations to send some seemingly pertinent piece of information to ten of your friends, or everyone in your address book. So don't be naive, forwarding that message will not bring you good luck, just bad karma (Hartney, 2014).
9. Check and Respond to Email Promptly
By all means, ignore and delete spam, unsolicited messages and crazy stuff. But if you have given someone your email address or if you are in a position where people could reasonably be expected to contact you by email and your email address is public, have the courtesy to reply to their message, within, say, two weeks. If it is going to take longer to reply, email them and tell them that. Don't simply ignore a question because you don't want to give the answer. Write back saying that it is a difficult question and they might be better off seeking the information elsewhere (Hartney, 2014).
10. Update Online Information That People Depend Upon
Don't leave inaccurate information online just because you can't be bothered to update your website. If you are going to be unavailable, for example, don't leave your hours of operation online indicating you will be available. If you can't keep your website up to date, take it down (Hartney, 2014).
Hartney, E. 2014. Ten Rules of Netiquette. About Health. May 16. [Online]. Available at: http://addictions.about.com/od/internetaddiction/tp/Ten-Rules-Of-Netiquette.htm [Accessed 22 June 2015].
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